Record of light, sound, and analogous phenomena and process and apparatus for producing the same.



C. E. FRITTS, DEC'DQ J. H. FRITTS. ADMINISTRATRIX.

RECORD OF LIGHT, soum), AND ANALOGOUS PHENOMENA AND PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 22! I912- A I 1,213,613. Patented Jan. 23, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET i l- E: f p 771 WIT ESS S; v I W JZWTENT0R M f 44'L C. LFRITTS, DECD! J. H. nuns. ADMINISTRATRIX. RECORD OF LIGHT, SOUND, AND ANALOGOUS PHENOMENA AND PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME. 'APPLICA'TION FILED JUNE 22, I912- Patented Jan. 23, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- WI ES-5E5 C. E. FRITTS, DECD. J. H. FRITTS, ADMINISTRATRIX. JIEGORDOF LIGHT, scum), AND ANALOGOUSWHENOMEN'A AND PROCESS ANDTAPPARATUS Patented Jan. 23, 1917'.

3 SHEETS'-SHEET 3.

[/ZENfQR .P was;

FOR PRODUCING THE SAME. APPLICATION FILED JUNE ZZ| l9l2- WITNESSES fyzuaw c/s, (3W 1 UNITED STATES PATENT o-Fnron.

CHARLES EDGAR FRI'ITS, DECEASED, LATE OF ONEONTA, NEW YORK, BY JOSEPHINE H. FRI' ITS, ADMINISTRATRIX, 0F ONE ONTA, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO JOHN D. MYERS, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

RECORD 0] LIGHT, SOUND, AND ANALOGOUS PHENOMENA AND PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME.

' Specification-of Letters Patent.-

Patented Jan. 23, 1917.

Original application filed October 22, 1880, Serial No. 19,313 Divided and this application filed June 22, 1912. Serial No. 705,346.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that CHARLES EDGAR Fnrr'rs,

now deceased, but formerly a' citizen of the United States, residing at Oneonta, in the county of Otsego and" State of New York, did invent a newand useful Improvement in Records of Light, Sound, and Analogous Phenomena and Processes and Apparatus for Producing the Same, of which the following is a specification.

' This invention relates to recording variations or pulsations in sounds, light or electric currents in a permanent or tangible form and reproducing the same at will not merely at the instrument alone, but also at any other instrument suitably connected therewith.

The present applicationis a division of the original application, Serial No. 19,313, filed October 22, 1880, and relates to one of the forms of record shown and described in said original application.

The present invention includes the application of photography and electricity for recording and reproducing the variations or pulsations above mentioned by the aid of a diaphragm or equivalent device capable of vibrating under those influences, and particularly under the influence of sounds as hereinafter fully set forth.

For convenience of description the apparatus disclosed will be called a phonograph, but it is to be expressly understood that it is not the intention to limit the scope of the invention to what isvcommonly known as or done by the so called phonographs or to narrow or restrict the scope of the invention in any way, but'the term is used merely for convenience.

' The novel features of the invention will be apparent from the followingdescription taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the defective result of attempting to produce a phonograph record by indenting the blank. Fig. '2 is an-edge view of a speaking diaphragm hav-' ing a shutter mounted thereon such as may be used in carrying out the invention. Fig. 3 is a view partly broken away showing a speaking diaphragm' carrying a shutter,- a-

sitive strip and rollers and 'at' right an" enlarged plan -view of a portion of the strip having the photographic record thereon. Fig. 5 shows two forms of shutter mounted on diaphragms which may be used in carrying out the present invention. Fig. 6 is a plan view of a strip having thereon a sinuous record produced by the shutter shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view of one form of apparatus arranged for making the'negative or pattern and moving it along by hand in carrying out the invention. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view showing means for reproducing and utilizing an opaque record by reflected light. Fig. 9 shows an electric circuit having a selenium bar therein adapted to be afi'ected by light from the record. Fig; 10 is a similar iew showing a flat selenium cell with a lens for concentrating the light fromthe record on it. Fig. 11 shows two selenium cells arranged for exposure through a single opening to produce alternating current. Fig. 12 is a sectional view of an apparatus having a mirror on the speaking diaphragm for reflecting light to the record surface.

Fig. 13 is a sectionalview of an apparatus which may be used either for making or utilizing the record. Fig. 14 is a view. in detail of a plurality of means for utilizing a single record. Fig. 15 isaplan view of a disk record having the photographic impressions thereon in a spiraL, Fig. 16 is a perspective view ofa cylinder having a spiral record thereon. Fig. 17 is another form of record having thereon a singular circular pattern. Fig. 18 is still another form showing separate parallel patterns. Fig. 19 is a sectional view of an apparatus for takingand reproducing the record having a lens for concentrating the light. upon ing theelectrical connections more clearly.

Fig. 21'is' a general view of the apparatus disclosed in Fig. 7 but more in detail showingniore. clear y section onthe line ww,Fig. 21 .Fig. 23

the arrangement and conmotion of the parts. Fig. 22 is a horizontal apparatus shown in Fig. 21.

The great trouble with phonographs heretofore is that they have undertaken to record and reproduce delicate air pulsations by crude and clumsy mechanical means. In the, operation of the methods heretofore used the metal point used for indenting the record is hindered in its vibrations by the labor of impressing its motion in the foil or other material used in its place. This resistance not only retards the diaphragm itself, but it retards it in a very variable manner. When the tracer point reaches a soft, thin or unsupported spot in the foil it moves farther than the average, While thick or hardzspots, reduce the motion below the average. A score of other faults could be mentioned, but the most important is that when the point is descending, the

pressure of the foil against its inclined forstood by examining Fig. 1, where a is the causes.

wardsurface retards the motion of the diaphragm; but, when ascending, it hastens or assists it, thus deforming the vibrations of the diaphragm itself. This will be undertracer point, with its front surface inclined backward to prevent clogging. The dotted line b 6 represents the original level of the foil, which is fed along in the direction of the arrow, and the solid curved line shows the actual formof a supposed sound wave, While the dotted curve shows the form which the point will tend to make,--and this discrepancy will be aggravated by the stitfness of the foil, the weakness of the vibration or the spring of the. tracer, and many other The present invention is designed as one means for obviating the difficulties above described and this is accomplished by dis pensing entirely with the tracer and its spring and the foil or any substitute for it,

or any mechanical pressure devices what-'- ever, for recordlng the sound waves tan The present invention employs.= means for recording the vibrations of the diaphragm which neither retard nor accelerate, them, but will truly record the mostv extreme or violet, or the gentlest pulsations, and every one exactly as it occurred. This is done by causing the diaphragm as it vibrates to vary a light which passes through an aperture to a surface sensitive to light by which the sound waves are fixed and recorded. No matter how many or how different the sounds which are joined in producing the composite sound waves which strike the diaphragm, the true number and intensity of every one of them will thus be preserved unchanged by the process of recording. This record is called the negative and from .it can be produced copies or duplicates in the same or other materials and they can intensity of the light are exactly reproduced,

originally caused it to vibrate.

throwing a beam of-nearly he used for the reproduction of the sounds recorded thereon.

The record of sound after it is produced as above described is utilized to operate a speaking diaphragm by throwing upon it 1i ht which has been varied correspondingly with the form of the sound waves recorded as before described which, as is known, causes the diaphragm to vibrate and produce the sounds corresponding to those waves. To accomplish this a powerful beam of light is passed through the negative previously prepared to and upon the diaphragm. This light passes through a narrow slit corresponding to the one used in making the negative, and by moving the negative along behind this slit at the same speed as when making the -negative, it is evident that the originalvariations in the 5. and if they are thrown upon the diaphragm it-will give out the same sound as that which Thus, instead of trying to shove the diaphragm back and forth by' machinery some hundreds or .thousands of times per second, at a .constantly varying speed, and making each motion exactly according'to a pre-' scribed pattern, each one of which. may be different from any of the others, the same 5 end in the present-invention is accomplished by the slow motion of a single piece or negative, and causing that to control the action of a beam of light directed upon the diaphragm; 1 Instead of the light beam passing through a transparent negative, it may be thrown upon an opaque negative and the image of the pattern be reflected therefrom and uti lized, or the intensity of the light thrown upon the diaphragm may be automatically varied by the negative in many other Ways.

In making the negatives, the sound to be recorded is caused to impinge upon a vibrat- 7 ing diaphragm; which is properly damped and arranged, as will be readily understood by those versed in telephony. To the center ofthe diaphragm d, Fig. 2, is fixed a vertical screen or shutter s of mica or other A light and stiff material, being attached by -3 is a vertical plan view; a is the shutter,

d the diaphragm, Z is, a powerful light across to the screehfdrpartitmn S, which has a long, narrowslitm :in it, through which the light passes and strikes the pre-- pared surface, which inthis case is represented as a strip of sensitized paper, fed at 180- parallel rays patterns or negatives, and others which can a a re ar speed over the rollers RR. As

the 'aphra'gm shutter s in this form' nor mallystands, its edges shut the light off from one-half of the slit, and in vibrating it. covers up more or less of the slit, according to the extent of the vibrations. The paper strip being carried along behind the slit m, Fig. 4, the edge of the shutter will describe acurved lineat the junction of the part c, not acted upon by the light, and e, which is acted upon, and by proper treatment the latter may be dissolved away or otherwise made transparent, in any well known way, as will at once be understood by photographers.

By varying the relative "distances of the light, the shutter,-and the slit or sensitive surface from each other, the apparent am- .plitude of the sound'waves as recorded on the sensitive surface, can be increased without changing their'forms. This method of amplifying the vibrations is often important, and can be applied for strengthening pulsations or variations in light or electrical currents, as well as in sounds. For instance," in Fig. 3 the light is shown in two positions, one being marked Z and the other-Z.

' If, instead of an opaque shutter .on the.

diaphragm, we leave a vertical transparent strip across saidv shutter, the light will reach the paper strip behind the screen only through the intersection of the two slits in front of it, forming merely a square spot of light, as shown by Fig. 5 at the intersection of the two slits nand m. The verticalslit on the mica should make the light beam of about the same widthv as the stationary horizontal slit in the screen. As'the diaphragm vibrates and the paper is moved along, we produce (after dissolving out-the parts exposed to light, blacking the rest, soaking in oil or otherwise rendering it transparent,) a narrow transparent curve on the, paper strip, as represented in Fig. 6. Instead of the vertical strip, wemay use a -transparent spot, at the point which will.

fall on the center of the stationary slit when the diaphragm is still, as seen at n on the uppfr shutter shownin Fig. 5. This, also, ma es 'a negative strip like Fig. 6. These be made by the above described method, are suited for different uses. It isevidentthat when a correct negative is'once obtained,

perfect co ies can be produced not only by photograp ic but also by ordinary printing processes, or even by mechanical means, at a merely n0m1nal cost, even for the most elaborate negatives.

Having thus explained the principles of,

the present invention, Fig. 7 represents an apparatus which has been devised for carrying out the method. At A is a roll of the prepared negativestrip, wound upon a bobbin, which is mounted in journal bearings in any convenient way. This strip may be of any suitable thin and flexible material, which may be strong fine paper, but what is known as pap er parchment is preferred, although many other substances, may be used. It should be covered with a thin film made very sensitive to light, as in any of the instantaneous processes employed in photography, although a dry process will be most convenient wlth this form of negative. After being properly coated and sensitized, it should be carefully dried, rolled up, and protected from light or damp till ready to use it. It may be thus coated and sensitized either before or after being cut up into strips of width suitable for use, but in the latter case care must be taken in the. cutting not to disturb the adhesion of the film to the strip. A suitable width-is or 1 inch,

and the length will of course be governed by convenience, or the choice of the operator.

The roll A is free to turn, being held only .by the spring 1, pressing upon it sufliciently the strip. It also fits between the flanges of .the roller enough to carry that along with it. If desired, it can also press lightly on' the roller A to assist in rewinding the strip upon it. To this roller can be applied the power which feeds the strip along before the slit m in the screen or partition For experiment, or, common telegraphic purposes, a crank may be attached to the roller R or R, as shown in Fig. 7 or the strip may be otherwise fed by hand. But when accuracy is required, some motor should be employed which will give the negative a perfectly uniform and known rate of speed. These are not new, and need not be described, as theyv form no part of my invention. The motor may be attached to or contained in the box or frame of the phonograph, or' otherwise connected, as preferred.

The stri being thusfed along at a-uniform speed? it is wound upon a second roller A or may simply be fed loosel into the bottom of the box or case of t e phonograph; It will now remain unchanged, if kept from light and damp, for ,days or even weeks,or, on the other hand, it may be at once developed, intensified, fixed, or otherwise treated, to render the image permanent,-'according to the process employed or the effect desired. All of which will be at once understood by those versed in photography, who will be enabled, from the foregoing description, to readily makea negcohol.

ative strip having the characteristics'required, and will probably prefer the gelatm-bromid process. If the paper seems to have a greasy nature, it may before applying the bromid emulsion, be coated with a 4 per cent. solution of white of egg, .to'

which suflicient chrome alum has been added to give it a slight bluish tinge. This will insure the film adhering perfectly, but it will seldom be required if a good quality of paper or parchment is used. These strips being fixed, they may be treated and used in different ways. The parts acted upon by light may be made transparent, and the rest blacked and rendered more opaque, and the strip used by'transmitting light through it; or the strip may acted upon by light should be made as white or brilliant, and those yet not acted upon as black and absorbent of light as possible, all of which can be done by any one out of many well known Ways, and detailed directions are not necessary. For example, a

strip to be used by transmitted light may have the dark parts blacked with carbon ink, flexible black varnish, or otherwise, and

the light parts rendered transparent by dipping 1n castor oil thinned with absolute al- The finished strip being again wound upon the wheel or rollerA and properly arranged in the phonograph, we can reproduce the original variations in-the first beam of light, in another beam of light, by feeding the strip before the slit m at the same speed as when making'the negative,

and throwing the beam of light through it as it passes the slit. To phragm d with its shutter is removed,-the upright frame which holds it being arranged to slide on a foot-piece which fits 1n grooves, so that it may be slid into its place for use or moved back out of the way, as desired. The square chamber which contamed the diaphragm is now empty or free,

do this, the diaand allows the light Z to shine unobstructed strip across it, to and through the slit m, onto and through the-strip which is rapidly fed before it, whereby the li ht which asses through the strip is varie in precise y the same manner as the original beam of light was varied by the shutter on the diaphragm (Z; i.'e., the greater the-proportion of the .which is'tra'nsparent, the longer the beam of light which is passed through it, and vice versa, (see Fig. 4:). Thislight can now be used to produce corresponding variations or pulsations in sound, electric currents, magnetic attractions, etc. as desired. This varyin light can be converted into sounds in di erent ways. It may be passed through a plano-convex or rather plano-cylindrical lens p, or any suitable optical device, to widen and disperse it properly,,and be thrown directly upon a thin, hard-rubber be left opaque, and used by reflected light,in' which case the parts diaphragm D, properly arranged for,.sp eakas shown at p in Fig. 9, which current may then be conducted to a suitable telephone,

which is substituted for the diaphragm D,

and'the sounds will be produced by it'with' any desired loudness. Or the current may be conducted by wire to any other-instrm ment or place, in the same way as in telegraphy, and there converted into sounds or utilized for any other purpose, as in Fig.

13, where a current from D is represented as conveyed to a telephoneT' at one place and to an electrical receiver of any suitable kind El at another place.

When selenium is us'ed for receiving the light and varying an electric current, it maybe either in the shape of a bar 12, covering the slit m, as shown in Figs. 9 and 13 or that of a flat cell 39 in Fig.10, where the light passing. through thenegative or pattern P and the slit m is converged by the lens 12 to a focus upon the selenium cell 17 or for producing an intermittent current it may consist of two selenium cells or bars suitably arranged, as shown in Fig. 11, and described hereinafter. 'In either case, the electric, current is arranged to flow through the selenium by proper conducting wires, I

and the varying quantity of light whichfalls upon the selenium w ll correspondingly Each cell is arranged to send Whatever current flows through itin a direction opposlte to that of the current from the other cell in any well-known or suitable manner and each may be supplied with: its current'from different ends or sections of'the same battery or'from separate batteries, as shown in Fig. 20, where the two sections of the selenium are inserted in derived circuits or branches of the main circuit. In either case,

the electric current is arranged to flow through the selenium by proper conductingf wires and the varying quantity of lightwhich falls upon the selenium will correspondingly vary the a Current: flowing through as Is Well known to electricians.

The negative may'of course be taken on 1 glass, instead of paper, properly moved before the slit and light. Any suitable material may he used,-whether transparent or opaque,;.flexible or rigid, plane or curved, When the negative strip is requiredto be verynarrow, in order to save room, instead of the'light falling di and arranged to be rectly upon it, the varying light beam may be received upon a lens and converged to the desired size before being thrown upon the sensitive surface. The negative, in Fig. 7, would then be fed along at D, instead of between 1) and 171.. Or, in Fig. 10, the negative would be at p.

When using an opaque strip or negative. the sound Waves, or, rather, the variations of light-produced by them, are recorded in the same way as already described. But, to reproduce those variations, the strip is fed along with the printed or formerly sensitive side outward, in the path of a beam of light, by which it is powerfully illuminated, and the light reflected from it is utilized instead of transmitted light. Fig. 8

vshows the arrangement: Z is the light, which passes through the alum-water cell 2, through the tube 3, and illuminates the moving strip 1. 5 is a tube with blackened interior, each end having an aperture corresponding to the slit m, and so directed toward the strip that only the light from that part of the strip which would be covered by the slit m can pass through both apertures,all of which will be readily understood by photographers. This light is then received by the lens, or-other suitable optical device, 7), and properly thrown upon the diaphragm D, as before. Or the lens 7) may be replaced by the selenium bar or cell, and the diaphragm D by one ofmy tele- Phones. etc., exactly as before described for transmitted light. The distance of the illuminating arrangement from the negative strip 1s merely suflicient to thoroughly light up the field covered by the tube-5. Tubes 4 and 5 may be of any suitable size, length, and material, all of which may be left to the 1udgment of the operator, who should ar- 'range the apparatus according to good photographic practice.

The pattern may be made upon a long narrow strip, as described, or arranged spirally over the surface of a plate as in Fig. 15 or a cylinder of any suitable size, shape, and material as in- Fig. 16. .By making it in a circular form, as in Figs. .17 and 18 and running it around, it will continue to repeat the same sound, word, or phrase, as long as it is turned.

Instead of the hard-rubber diaphragm D, one of celluloid may be used, also soft vulcanized rubber, thin elastic brass and German silver, and other materials. The diaphragm d may be made of any of the materials used in telephony, which are suitable for the employment to be made of itin this process.

The light employed for making the negatwo should be strongly actinic, and may be direct sun light, or electric or other artificia. light having suflicient actinicpower for instantaneous photography. It shouldordinary purposes.

.pass through a glass cell filled with alum water, to stop'the heat without diminishing the light. They then pass through an aperture of suitable size, across the diaphragm chamber, where they are manipulated by the shutter s, and through the slit m, as already described. For using the negative, so strong a light will not always be needed, and a good kerosene lamp will answer for most Gas light is not suitable, unless a steady flame can be obtained, as a fiickeringlight will interfere with the perfection of the speaking: For purposes requiring accuracy hoWeVer, a light should be used having ample actinic power, and the stronger the better. No harm can be done by having a light unnecessarily strong as it cannot be strong enough to do any harm.

The whole apparatus is inclosed in a close box or casing, as shown in Figs. 7, 12, 13,

to exclude external light, particularly from the negative. The light chamber W should be so tight that none of the light can pen' etrate the partitions around it, except through the cell 2. The diaphragm chamber is also inclosed on all sides. except the one facing the sounds to be recorded, and the only opening on that side is through thebell or mouth-piece conducting the sound to the center of the diaphragm; All the interior surfaces are made densely black, in order to absorb and prevent the reflection of any light that may find its way in-- side. Suitable openings or doors are provided wherever necessary, for g1v1ng access to the different parts, which may be arranged to suit the convenience of the operator. This care about the light is required more, especially while making the negative.

For speaking purposes much less caution is needed. When the apparatus is used to enable one light to control another and stronger one, the former isthrown upon the o'ther'side of diaphragm d, which "controls shown by the dotted lines at its ends. 0 c are. 1

to the cross the suspension wires running piece u which is attached to the diaphragm d which is carried by the base of the telephone and, consequently, moves with the binding posts at the other ends of the wires 0 a when the diaphragm and shutter are-to be moved back out of the way-thus ayoidingany dis 13o arrangement of the telephonic adjustments thereby. T is the telephone, telegraphic instrument or other apparatus which trans mits sounds, electrical impulses, or. signals from a distance to the telephonic devices EZ by means ofwhichthose influences are enabled to actuate the phonograph and produce records or patterns thereof as already described. The same apparatus El can, of course, be employed for transmitting messages, etc., as wellv as for receivingthem. The phonograph can, therefore, remain in the ofiice and the speech, music, or signals be transmitted to it by telephone for record and preservation. In this form as in others light from Z passes across the shutter s when that shutter is in the position shown in full lines and falls on the sensitized strip P. When theshutter s is moved back out of the way and a developed strip is substituted for the sensitized stripP, the light passes-through it to the selenium cell ;0 in circuit with the primary of a transformer D. The telephone T and any other suitable sound reproducer El are in circuit with the secondary.

I In Fig. 14, the invention is shown with the parts arranged to reinforce the reproduced sound at various distances from the main apparatus. In this instance, the light Z is within a casing having a semi-cylindrical end in which are formed the slits m,

. m and m The record strip P passes over the rollers R and across the slits m, m and m; whereby the light from Zpasses through the slitsto the selenium cells 7) placed opposite them. The telephone or sound reproducer T is in circuit with the selenium cell at slit m. The current from the second L foo cell at slit m passes through the primary wire of an iiiduction coil I, the secondary of which sends an induced current through the several sound reproducing devices 1, 2 and 3, arranged in the arc of a circle with the main apparatus as the center, the characters s and 6 indicating the circuit connectio-ns' whereby the single current passes through each of the reproducers. A second set of reproducing devices 1, 2, 3 and 4 are shown arranged on the arc of a circle 00, a2, at a' greater distance from the apparatus, the circuit connections 'being shown at 7 and 8. These series of reproducers on lines as, m, and :22, ac, are for the purpose of reinforcing in a large hall, the sound coming from the reproducer T, the distance between the slits m, m and m and the speed of movementv of strip P being so regulated that the sound from T will have traveled through the air to the line a9, a: at the moment that the correspondingporti'on of the strip P reaches slit m" so as to operate the reproducers on the line m, a: at the same moment that the sound traveling through the air reaches that point. In Fig. 19, the light from Z after being varied by the shutter. s carried by the dianegative I, a speaking diaphragmD may be Q i substituted for it and the light will then fall on the diaphragm.

Fig. 11 represents the arrangement for transmitting signals by the phonograph records above described, except that the strip or negative ;0 is fed past the sl1t m transversely, instead of lengthwise of it, as

it would appear to be in the drawing. m is the narrow slit, long enough to cover the length of the two selenium bars 1) and ;0',

each being inclosed and-protected from all light except that which passes through the slit and the negative strip P. Each bar has proper wires to conduct the current through it, which are so connected up that each bar directs the current which flows in it through the line in an opposite direction, and their resistances are such that no current (or a very slight one) flows through either of them as long as they are kept in the dark. But immediately that the negative strip admits light to either bar, its resistance'is lessened, and the current flows through that bar to the'line, or to the primary coil of an inductorium which sends the induced current to line, or to any other devices, as the case may be,the strength of the current being in proportionto the length of the bar thereby exposed to the light. The electrical connections are as more fully shown in Fig.

20 or they may be arranged in any other suitable or well known manner. The longer the transparent part of the strip or signal,

the more of the bar is lighted up, and the stronger the current which flows through it. When the other bar is illuminated, the same effect is produced, but'the current is sent through the line or circuit in the opposite direction,all of which will be readily comprehended and efl'ected by electricians. Fig. 21 shows the general arrangement of the apparatus in more detail than Fig. 7. When in use the Works are shut in by tight doors, as in Fig. 23, where O is the mouth piece through which vocal or other sounds arethrown on the diaphragm D. This mouth piece maybe a deep bell-shaped cavity directly over the-diaphragm or be fitted 'co the face and be connected by a tubeending over the diaphragm. The eil'ect is much increased by having the mouth to the face of the speaker.

El represents an electrical apparatus capable of vibrating the diaphragm D when a telephonic, telegraphic or other suitable current is passed through it and thereby vibrating-the shutter s placed in the path of the beam of radiant rays from I here shown as piece fit closely an electric lamp, and thus varying said beam in accordance with the extent and character of its own movements. The beam thus varied is in thefirst instance thrown upon the sensitized strip P fed down fromreel A over guide roller R before the opening or slit m on to another reel A. The strip having been properly treated to bring out and fix the image thus obtained and render it suitable for use as a pattern, as before described, it is again wound upon reel A and its end hooked to reel A. The apparatus El is moved back far enough to takeshutter 8 out of the beam of radiant rays which then pass through the negative and are varied thereby as they had been previously varied by the shutter 8, after which they fall upona selenium cell or other suitable apparatus 79", all as heretofore explained.

Fig. 22 is a horizontal section through the lines w-a of Fig. 21, showingthe light and lenses Z, alum cell 2, shutter s, cylindrical lens ;0 which converges the light laterally to a long narrow streak Where it passes through the opening m to strip I. The

set-screws. t I? may be adjusted to change the position of the block 25 carrying apparatus El to bring the shutter s to the right point. p as shown in Fig. 21 is a small selenium cell which serves to automatically start off the strip P when the-phenomenon occurs which is to be recorded. The shutter s is caused to vibrate, as'already stated, and thereby uncovers the cell p allowing the light which had previously been stopped by I the shutter to fall upon the cell and by increasing its conductivity an electric impulse is sent through the starting magnet M. This immediately pulls up .the armature and lever L and raises the pawl which had previously held the reel A, whereupon the reel 1s suddenly revolved and draws the strip P past opening m until the sound or other phenomena ceases, when the shutter becomes still, the current substantially ceases to flow through the cell 17 and mag net M, the lever L drops and the reel A is stopped. When reproducing the recordedphenomena the lever L is lifted manually by a cord a running over a pulley through an aperture to the outside at some accessible point, Where it can be pulled when desired.-

The current of the cell 11 can also be sent through induction .coil I and transmit-the message if desired to a telephone T at the same time that it is being recorded on P.

Any suitable motor EM is connected by circuit wires L to lever L and when that lever is raised it completes the circuit. The

spring d tends. to hold the lever down.-

The shutter may be attached to the center of the diaphragm, or at the end of a light creased motion of the shutter is obtained.

Instead of a shutter cuttin ofi transverse light rays, we may use a p ane mirror atthe sound.

tached to the center of the diaphragm, and place the light in front but a little to one side, as shown in Fi 12; the light beam from the point. Z wi 1 be reflected to the other side of the center to the strip P. Now

when the diaphragm vibrates under the influence of sound entering through the mouth or axis of the mirror. A uniform pencil of light being thus vibrated on the sensitive surface willproduce a sinuous record line as shown in Fig. 6. I It will be observed that the sinuous record line produced by the vi-' brations of the spot of light whether by means of the mirror or of the shutter shown ,in Fig. 5 will be of uniform character at all points and will not vary in width or breadth but will merely vary in lateral position.

The messages sent by the apparatus described can be received by a telephone and spoken, printed, embossed, repeated, sent on or otherwise disposed of. L K

It will be observed that according to the present invention the speaking diaphragm is not called upon to do the physical work of actually making the record on the receiving body or surface. The-record is made.

by a transmitted medium and the diaphragm merely controls the point of incidence. In other words, a pencil of light'is projected on the record surface and the diaphragm has nothingto do save to vibrate it in cordance with'sound waves.

It will be understood that the invention is 1. The combination with a speaking dia- 1 phragm, of a movable photo-sensitive body,

a source of light adapted to throw a beam on said body, and means operated by said dia phragm for controlling the lateral position of said beam on said body.

2. The method of making a sound record which consists in photographically tracing on'a sensitive surface a sinuous line-of uniform width in accordance with sound pulsations.

-3. The method of making a sound record which consists in photographically tracing on a sensitive surface a sinuousline of uniform width in accordance with sound p'ulsations, and then producing by the use of said photographically produced record comnieri cial sound records capable of reproducing 4. The method of making a'sound record which consists in photographically tracing on a sensitive surface a sinuous line of umform width in accordancewith sound pulsations, so treating said record as to chan e the relative elevation of said line and the a jacent surface of the record.

5. :The method of making a sound record which consists in photographically tracing on a sensitive surface a sinuous'line of uniform width in accordance with sound pulsain consonance with the movements of a body actuated by sound waves, moving an amorphous sensitized film under the point of incidence of the pencil so that it travels over a spiral path,developing this trace of the light on the film into an undulating surface in the film by chemical means.

8. Thecombination with a source of. light furnishing an elongated beam, means for varying the position of said beam in accordance with sound pulsations, a surface sensitive to light, and means for moving the surface along in the path of said beam;

9. Apparatus for photographically recording sound comprising a reflector mounted to vibrate on a diaphragm,'means for directing a converging beam of light thereon,

a sensitive film and means for moving itunder the focus point of the beam, substantially as described.

10. In sound recording apparatus a movably mounted reflector, a sound diaphragm carrying means to actuate the reflector, a lens forthrowing a converging beamof lighten the reflector and means for record ing the movements of the beam of light.

11. In a photographic recording apparatus the combination of a stationary lens for converging and directing a beam of light, a sound diaphragm and a means fixed on the diaphragm for angularly vibrating ,the beam of light with'the linear vibrations of the diaphragm;

- said vibrating beam.

tus the combination of a vibrating ody having a reflecting surface, a lens arranged to converge and direct on said surface a beam of light at an acute angle, whereby the linear vibration of the body angularly vibrates the beam of light, for the purpose specified.

13. The combination of a sound diaphragm mounted in a closed housing, a re fleeting spot on the diaphragm, a lens to converge a beam of light and direct it on the diaphragm at an acute angle, the area of the reflecting spot being of a size to reflect part of the rays oflight in the beam, substantially as described.

1 1. Ina sound recording mechanism, the combination with a photosensitive surface of means for creating a pencil of light, and means for causing said pencil of light to move in a sinuous path along said photosensitive surface in accordance with sound waves.

15. The process of making sound reproducing records by vibrating a ray of light in consonance with the movements of sound waves, moving a light-sensitive film across the field of play of the said ray and reducing the resulting trace of the said ray by chemical means to material form as an undulating surface in amorphous material.

16. A sound record consisting of a line photographically traced and chemically de veloped in an amorphous material by chemical means, the said line being of uniform width and depth and having lateral undulations,

17. In a sound recording apparatus the combination with a source of light, a reflector for imparting vibrations to a beam of light, means for vibrating said reflector in accordance with sound waves, a photo-sensitive surface and means for moving said photo-sensitive surface across the path of In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

- JOSEPHINE H. FRITTS, Administ'ratriw of the estate of Charles Ed- I gar Fritts, deceased.- v v Witnesses:

GEORGE L. GIBBS,

Fim'ivcas E. F zn'rs. 

